Abstract
To date, diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized as the equivalent of coronary heart disease, as well as factors
related to the very high risk of developing coronary artery disease. It is known that coronary atherosclerosis
has more serious consequences in the presence of diabetic patients, since the combination of these two factors
greatly increases the risk of earlier and acute manifestations of coronary artery disease is often associated
with lesions of the left main coronary artery occlusion, and diffuse multivessel coronary disease. In this
connection, an increasing number of patients are candidates for myocardial revascularization. Despite significant
advances in endovascular surgery, the results of coronary stenting in patients with diabetes are worse
compare to patients with coronary heart disease without diabetes. The results of large-scale studies have
shown the undoubted benefits of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with diabetes with multivessel
coronary artery disease. It is also shown that the widespread use of arterial conduits (left and right
internal thoracic artery and radial artery) in performing CABG improves prognosis in terms of reducing
long-term mortality and development of major cardiovascular events.
References
- American Diabetes Association. Economic Costs of
Diabetes in the U.S. 2012. Diabetes Care. 2013; 36
(4): 1033—46.
- Silva J.A., Escobar A., Collins T.J., Ramee S.R.,
White C.J. Unstable angina: a comparison of angioscopic
findings between diabetic and non-diabetic
patients. Circulation. 1995; 92 (7): 1731—36.
- Rask-Madsen C., King G.L. Mechanisms of disease:
endothelial dysfunction in insulin resistance and
diabetes. Nat. Clin. Pract. Endocrinol. Metab. 2007;
3 (1): 46—56.
- BARI Investigators. The final 10-year follow-up
results from the BARI randomized trial. J. Am. Coll.
Cardiol. 2007; 49 (15): 1600—6.
- Kip K.E., Faxon D.P, Detre K.M., Yeh W,
Kelsey S.F., Currier J.W. Coronary angioplasty in
diabetic patients. The National Heart, Lung, and
Blood Institute Percutaneous Transluminal
Coronary Angioplasty Registry. Circulation. 1996;
94 (8): 1818—25.
- Hlatky M.A., Boothroyd D.B., Bravata D.M. et al.
Coronary artery bypass surgery compared with percutaneous
coronary interventions for multivessel
disease: a collaborative analysis of individual patient
data from ten randomized trials. Lancet. 2009; 373
(9670): 1190—7.
- Moussa I., Leon M.B., Baim D.S. et al. Impact of
sirolimus-eluting stents on outcome in diabetic
patients: a SIRIUS (SIRolImUS-coated Bx
Velocity balloon-expandable stent in the treatment
of patients with de novo coronary artery lesions)
substudy. Circulation. 2004; 109 (19): 2273—8.
- Hermiller J.B., Raizner A., Cannon L. et al.
Outcomes with the polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting
TAXUS stent in patients with diabetes mellitus:
the TAXUS-IV trial. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2005; 45
(8): 1172—9.
- Weintraub W.S., Grau-Sepulveda M.V., Weiss J.M.
et al. Comparative effectiveness of revascularization
strategies. N. Engl. J. Med. 2012; 366 (16): 1467—76.
- Kapur A., Hall R.J., Malik I.S. et al. Randomized
comparison of percutaneous coronary intervention
with coronary artery bypass grafting in diabetic
patients: 1-year results of the CARDIA (Coronary
Artery Revascularization in Diabetes) trial. J. Am.
Coll. Cardiol. 2010; 55 (5): 432—40.
- Kappetein P., Head S.J., Morice M.C. et al. SYNTAX
Investigators. Treatment of complex coronary
artery disease in patients with diabetes: 5-year
results comparing outcomes of bypass surgery and
percutaneous coronary intervention in the
SYNTAX trial. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2013; 43
(5): 1006—13.
- Banning A.P., Westaby S., Morice M.C. et al.
Diabetic and nondiabetic patients with left main
and/or 3-vessel coronary artery disease comparison
of outcomes with cardiac surgery and paclitaxeleluting
stents. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2010; 55 (11):
1067—75.
- Conroy R.M., Pyorala K., Fitzgerald A.P. et al.
Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular
disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur. Heart J.
2003; 24: 987—1003.
- Farkouh M.E., Domanski M., Sleeper L.A. et al;
FREEDOM Trial Investigators. Strategies for multivessel
revascularization in patients with diabetes.
N. Engl. J. Med. 2012; 367 (25): 2375—84.
- Satish G., Howard Z., Sherwyn S. et al. Improvement
in glycemic excursions with a transcutaneous, real-time continuous glucose sensor. Diabet.Care. 2006;
29: 44—50.
- Голухова Е.З., Чеботарева Г.Е., Магомедова
Н.М., Завалихина Т.В., Гегечкори Н.Р. Гипергликемия
как независимый фактор риска осложнений
и смерти у пациентов, подвергающихся
сердечной хирургии. Современные
методы диагностики и коррекции. Креативная
кардиология. 2008; 2: 34—46.
- Lazar H.L., McDonnell M., Chipkin S.R. et al;
Society of Thoracic Surgeons Blood Glucose
Guideline Task Force. The Society of Thoracic
Surgeons practice guideline series: blood glucose
management during adult cardiac surgery. Ann.
Thorac. Surg. 2009; 87 (2): 663—9.
- Furnary A.P., Gao G.Q., Grunkemeier G.L. et al.
Continuous insulin infusion reduces mortality in
patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery
bypass grafting. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2003;
125 (5): 1007—21.
- Halkos M.E., Puskas J.D., Lattouf O.M. et al.
Elevated preoperative hemoglobin A1c level is predictive
of adverse events after coronary artery bypass
surgery. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2008; 136 (3):
631—40.
- Halkos M.E., Lattouf O.M., Puskas J.D. et al.
Elevated preoperative hemoglobin A1c level is associated
with reduced long-term survival after coronary
artery bypass surgery. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2008;
86 (5): 1431—7.
- Leavitt B.J., Sheppard L., Maloney C. et al.
Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease
Study Group. Effect of diabetes and associated conditions
on long-term survival after coronary artery
bypass graft surgery. Circulation. 2004; 110 (11;
Suppl. 1): 1141—4.
- Hannan E.L., Farrell L.S., Wechsler A. et al. The
New York risk score for in-hospital and 30-day mortality
for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Ann.
Thorac. Surg. 2013; 95 (1): 46—52.
- Wu C., CamachoF.T., WechslerA.S. et al. Risk score
for predicting long-term mortality after coronary
artery bypass graft surgery. Circulation. 2012; 125
(20): 2423—30.
- Hannan E., Wu C., Smith C.R. et al. Off-pump versus
on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery:
differences in short-term outcomes and in longterm
mortality and need for subsequent revascularization.
Circulation. 2007; 116 (10): 1145—52.
- Zacharias A., Schwann T., Riordan C., Durham S.,
Shah A., Habib R. Late results of conventional versus
all-arterial revascularization based on internal
thoracic and radial artery grafting. Ann. Thorac.
Surg. 2009; 87 (1): 19—26.
- Schwartz L., Kip K.E., Frye R.L., Alderman E.L.,
Schaff H.V., Detre K.M. Bypass Angioplasty
Revascularization Investigation. Coronary bypass
graft patency in patients with diabetes in the Bypass
Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation
(BARI). Circulation. 2002; 106 (21): 2652—8.
- Tatoulis J., Buxton B.F., Fuller J.A. et al. Long-term
patency of 1108 radial-coronary angiograms over
10 years. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2009; 88 (1): 23—9.
- Dorman M.J., Kurlansky P.A., Traad E.A.,
Galbut D.L., Zucker M., Ebra G. Bilateral internal
mammary grafting enhances survival in diabetic patients: 30-year follow-up of propensity scorematched
cohorts. Circulation. 2012; 126 (25):
2935—42.
- Puskas J.D., Sadiq A., Vassiliades T.A., Kilgo P.D.,
Lattouf L.M. Bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting
is associated with significantly improved longterm
survival, even among diabetic patients. Ann.
Thorac. Surg. 2012; 94 (3): 710—5.
- Acar C., Hebara V.A., Portoghese M. et al. Revival of
the radial artery for coronary artery bypass grafting.
Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1992; 54 (4): 652—9.
- Locker C., Schaff H.V., Dearani J.A. et al. Multiple
arterial grafts improve late survival of patients
undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery: analysis
of 8622 patients with multivessel disease.
Circulation. 2012; 126 (9): 1023—30.
- Dimitrova K.R., Hoffman D.M., Geller C.M. et al.
Radial artery grafting in women improves 15-year
survival. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2013; 146 (6):
1467—73.
- Habib R.H., Abou-Arraj N.E., Schwann T.A. Radial
artery as a second arterial graft in the elderly and
both sexes. Ann. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2013; 2 (4):
453—7.
- Tranbaugh R.F., Dimitrova K.R., Friedmann P. et al.
Coronary artery bypass grafting using the radial
artery: clinical outcomes, patency and need for
reintervention. Circulation. 2012; 126 (11; Suppl. 1):
S170—5.
- Tatoulis J., Buxton B.F., Fuller J.A. The radial artery
in reoperative coronary bypass surgery. J. Cardiol.
Surg. 2004; 19 (4): 296—302.
- Ruttmann E., Fischler N., Sakic A. et al. Second
internal thoracic artery versus radial artery in coronary
artery bypass grafting: a long-term, propensity
score-matched follow-up study. Circulation. 2011;
124 (12): 1321—9.
- Khot U.N., Friedman D.T., Pettersson G.,
Smedira N.G., Li J., Ellis S.G. Radial artery bypass
grafts have an increased occurrence of angiographically
severe stenosis and occlusion compared with
left internal mammary arteries and saphenous vein
grafts. Circulation. 2004; 109 (17): 2086—91.
- Hoffman D.M., Dimitrova K.R., DeCastro H. et al.
Improving long term outcomes for diabetic patients
undergoing surgical revascularization by use of the
radial artery conduit: a propensity matched study.
J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2013; 8: 27.
- Schwann T.A., Al-Shaar L., Engoren M., Habib R.H.
Late effects of radial artery vs saphenous vein grafting
for multivessel coronary bypass surgery in diabetics:
a propensity-matched analysis. Eur. J.
Cardiothorac. Surg. 2013; 44 (4): 701—10.
- ACCF/AHA Guideline for Coronary Artery Bypass
Graft Surgery: a report of the American College
of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart
Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines.
Circulation. 2011; 124 (23): 2610—42.
- Hoffman D., Dimitrova K.R., Lucido D. et al. The
optimal arterial conduit for diabetic patients: a
propensity analysis of the radial artery versus the
right internal thoracic artery. Presented at: Society
of Thoracic Surgeons 50th Annual Meeting;
January 25—29, 2014; Orlando, FL. Orlando;
2014.
- Verma S., Farkouh M.E., Yanagawa B. et al.
Comparison of coronary artery bypass surgery and
percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with
diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled
trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2013; 1 (4):
317—28.
