Abstract
Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is one of the most common valvular heart pathologies and occurs in 65–85% of
the population. In many studies, it has been shown that the incidence of TR from moderate to severe affects
the long-term survival. In a study (n=5223), echocardiography was performed to determine the effect of TR
on long-term survival. During the observation period 498±402 days, a total of 815 (15.6%) patients died.
Survival rate within one year was 91.7% in patients with out TR, 90.3% with mild form of TR, whereas
with moderate TR survival was 78.9%, and with severe TR – 63.9%. The incidence of TR in patients
with an pacemaker (PM) is 25 to 29%. From 11 to 25% of patients there is a deterioration of the pre-existing
TR at grade 1 or 2. In most cases, TR is caused by mechanical causes, such as adhesion, thrombosis,
squeezing the valves with an electrode. The cause of the severe TR is most often the direct tricuspid valve
damage by the electrode. However, active right ventricular stimulation can increase TR as a result of dissynchronization
of right ventricular contraction, regardless of the mechanical impact of the electrode on the
valve.
Understanding the causes, predictors and mechanisms of the occurrence of this iatrogenic complication is
necessary for successful treatment, as well as for the development of a preventive strategy. This review covers
the world literature on the prevalence, mechanisms of origin and methods of combating TR associated with
implanted PM.
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About the authors
- Bockeria Leo Antonovich, Academician of RAS and RAMS, Director; orcid.org/0000-0002-6180-2619;
-
Nurzhanov Baysalbek Keneshbekovich, Postgraduate; orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-9981
