Internal carotid artery occlusion: etiology, diagnosis, treatment

Authors: R.A. Abdulgasanov, M.A. Shogenov, V.S. Arakelyan

Company: Bakoulev National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, 121552, Russian Federation

UDC: 616.133.3-007.271-005.5-07
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24022/1810-0694-2020-21-2-114-124

Cite as: Abdulgasanov R.A., Shogenov M.A., Arakelyan V.S. Internal carotid artery occlusion: etiology, diagnosis, treatment. The Bulletin of Bakoulev Center. Cardiovascular Diseases. 2020; 21 (2): 114–24 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24022/1810-0694-2020-21-2-114-124

Received / Accepted: 02.10.2019/12.10.2019

Keywords: internal carotid artery occlusion stroke neuroimaging recanalization

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Abstract

The cause of ischemic stroke in 5–8% of cases is acute thrombosis and acute occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICAO). Acute occlusion of the internal carotid artery is associated with deaths and their frequency in acute ischemic events is 6–15%. Acute ICAO responds poorly to intravenous thrombolysis and portends worse clinical outcomes. Extracranial and intracranial ICAOs have varied clinical course and imaging patterns, with discrete cervical acute occlusion of the internal carotid artery usually associated with better clinical outcomes while tandem occlusions predispose poor outcomes. Diagnostic catheter-based angiogram is often required since appearances of ICAO using non-invasive neuroimaging modalities are often deceiving. Repeated vascular imaging in acute to subacute phase to determine recanalization of ICAO is critical for secondary prevention.

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About the authors

Ramiz A. Abdulgasanov, Dr. Med. Sc., Chief Researcher, orcid.org/0000-0002-2126-3139
Mukhamed A. Shogenov, Postgraduate, orcid.org/0000-0002-9467-3729
Valeriy S. Arakelyan, Dr. Med. Sc., Professor, Head of the Department, orcid.org/0000-0002-0284-6793

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Chief Editor

Elena Z. Golukhova, MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of Bakoulev National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery

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