Abstract
A systematic review of studies published in English from 2014 to 2021 from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, GoogleScholar, Scopus and Web of Science databases (approximately 75% of all sources) was performed. The review included review articles, original retrospective and prospective studies. SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological data, its structure and target cells exposure pathogenesis were described. The frequency and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases as comorbid conditions in patients with COVID-19 in various countries of the world were presented. The COVID19 data role in the myocardial damage, arrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure pathogenesis were expounded. For the moment treatment algorithms for patients with cardiovascular diseases who have undergone COVID-19 have not yet been exist, which requires further research.
References
- Zhou P., Yang X.L., Wang X.G., Hu B., Zhang L., Zhang W. et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020; 579: 270–3. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7
- Wu F., Zhao S., Yu B., Chen Y.M., Wang W., Song Z.G. et al. A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China. Nature. 2020; 579: 265–9. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3
- Lu R., Zhao X., Li J., Niu P., Yang B., Wu H. et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 2020; 395: 565–74. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8
- Nishiga M., Wang D.W., Han Y., Lewis D.B., Wu J.C. COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease: from basic mechanisms to clinical perspectives. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 2020; 17: 543–58. DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-0413-9
- Report of coronavirus cases prevalence https://www. worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/russia/(дата доступа 15.07.2021).
- Cui J., Li F., Shi Z.L. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2019; 17: 181–92. DOI: 10.1038/s41579-018-0118-9
- Bar-On Y.M., Flamholz A., Phillips R., Milo R. SARSCoV-2 (COVID-19) by the numbers. Elife. 2020; 9: e57309. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.57309
- Wrapp D., Wang N., Corbett K.S., Goldsmith J.A., Hsieh C.L., Abiona O. et al. Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation. Science. 2020; 367: 1260–3. DOI: 10.1126/science.abb2507
- Walls A.C., Park Y.J., Tortorici M.A., Wall A., McGuire A.T., Veesler D. Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotei. Cell. 2020; 181: 281–92. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.058
- Wan Y., Shang J., Graham R., Baric R.S., Li F. Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus. J. Virol. 2020; 94: e00127–20. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00127-20
- Madjid M., Safavi-Naeini P., Solomon S.D., Vardeny O. Potential effects of coronaviruses on the cardiovascular system: a review. JAMA Cardiol. 2020; 5 (7): 831–40. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1286
- Clerkin K.J., Fried J.A., Raikhelkar J., Sayer G., Griffin J.M., Masoumi A. et al. COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2020; 141 (20): 1648–55. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046941
- Driggin E., Madhavan M.V., Bikdeli B., Chuich T., Laracy J., Biondi-Zoccai G. et al. Cardiovascular considerations for patients, health care workers, and health systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2020; 75: 2352–71. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020. 03.031
- Zheng Y.Y., Ma Y.T., Zhang J.Y., Xie X. COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 2020; 17: 259–60. DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-0360-5
- Jiang F., Yang J., Zhang Y., Dong M., Wang S., Zhang Q. et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin 1–7: novel therapeutic targets. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 2014; 11: 413–26. DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2014.59
- GTEx Portal (ACE2). Gene expression for ACE2. Available at: https://www.gtexportal.org/home/gene/ACE2 (2020) (дата доступа 15.07.2021).
- Chen L., Li X., Chen M., Feng Y., Xiong C. The ACE2 expression in human heart indicates new potential mechanism of heart injury among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Cardiovasc. Res. 2020; 116: 1097–100. DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa078
- Litviňuková M., López C.T., Maatz H., Reichart D., Worth C.L., Lindberg E.L. et al. Cells and gene expression programs in the adult human heart. 2020; 588: 466–72. DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.03.024075
- Huang C., Wang Y., Li X., Ren L., Zhao J., Hu Y. et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020; 395: 497–506. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
- Wang D., Hu B., Hu C., Zhu F., Liu X., Zhang J. et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020; 323 (11): 1061–9. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.1585
- Zhou F., Yu T., Du R., Fan G., Liu Y., Liu Z. et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020; 395: 1054–62. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3
- Guan W.J., Ni Z.Y., Hu Y., Liang W.H., Ou C.Q., He J.X. et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N. Engl. J. Med. 2020; 382: 1708–20. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
- Grasselli G., Zangrillo A., Zanella A., Antonelli M., Cabrini L., Castelli A. et al. Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy region, Italy. JAMA. 2020; 323 (16): 1574–81. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.5394
- Goyal P., Choi J.J., Pinheiro L.C., Schenck E.J., Chen R., Jabri A. et al. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in 35 Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания. Бюллетень НЦССХ им. А.Н. Бакулева РАМН. 2022; 23 (1) DOI: 10.24022/1810-0694-2022-23-1-30-35 Обзоры New York City. N. Engl. J. Med. 2020; 382: 2372–4. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2010419
- Wu Z., McGoogan J.M. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020; 323 (13): 1239–41. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.2648
- Arentz M., Yim E., Klaff L., Lokhandwala S., Riedo F.X., Chong M. et al. Characteristics and outcomes of 21 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Washington state. JAMA. 2020; 323 (16): 1612–4. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.4326
- Bhatraju P.K., Ghassemieh B.J., Nichols M., Kim R., Jerome K.R., Nalla A.K. et al. COVID-19 in critically ill patients in the Seattle region – case series. N. Engl. J. Med. 2020; 382: 2012–22. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa 2004500
- Richardson S., Hirsch J.S., Narasimhan M., Crawford J.M., McGinn T., Davidson K.W. Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area. JAMA. 2020; 323 (20): 2051–9. DOI: 10.1001/jama. 2020.6775
- Stefanini G.G., Montorfano M., Trabattoni D., Andreini D., Ferrante G., Ancona M. et al. ST-elevation myocardial infarction in patients with COVID-19: clinical and angiographic outcomes. Circulation. 2020; 141: 2113–6. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120. 047525
- Deng Q., Hu B., Zhang Y., Wang H., Zhou X., Hu W. et al. Suspected myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19: evidence from front-line clinical observation in Wuhan, China. Int. J. Cardiol. 2020; 311: 116–21. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.03.087
- Anupama B.K., Chaudhuri D.A. Review of acute myocardial injury in coronavirus disease 2019. Cureus. 2020; 12 (6): e8426. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8426
- Shi S., Qin M., Shen B., Cai Y., Liu T., Yang F. et al. Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Cardiol. 2020; 5 (7): 802–10. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio. 2020.0950
- Guo T., Fan Y., Chen M., Wu X., Zhang L., He T. et al. Cardiovascular implications of fatal outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. 2020; 5 (7): 811–18. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio. 2020.1017
- Inciardi R.M., Lupi L., Zaccone G., Italia L., Raffo M., Tomasoni D. et al. Cardiac involvement in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. 2020; 5 (7): 819–24. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio. 2020.1096
- Hu H., Ma F., Wei X., Fang Y. Coronavirus fulminant myocarditis saved with glucocorticoid and human immunoglobulin. Eur. Heart J. 2020; 42 (2): 206. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa190
- Fox S.E., Akmatbekov A., Harbert J.L., Li G., Quincy Brown J., Vander Heide R.S. Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in Covid-19. The first autopsy series from New Orleans. Lancet Respir. Med. 2020; 10: 2213–600. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30243-5
- Perez-Bermejo J.A., Kang S., Rockwood S.J., Simoneau C.R., Joy D.A., Silva A.C. et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection of human iPSC-derived cardiac cells predicts novel cytopathic features in hearts of COVID-19 patients. Sci. Transl. Med. 2021; 13: 7872. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abf7872
- Kwong J.C., Schwartz K.L., Campitelli M.A., Chung H., Crowcroft N.S., Karnauchow T. et al. Acute myocardial infarction after laboratory-confirmed influenza infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 2018; 378: 345–53. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1702090
- Bangalore S., Sharma A., Slotwiner A., Yatskar L., Harari R., Shah B. et al. ST-segment elevation in patients with COVID-19 – a case series. N. Engl. J. Med. 2020; 382: 2478–80. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2009020
- Libby P., Tabas I., Fredman G., Fisher E.A. Inflammation and its resolution as determinants of acute coronary syndromes. Circ. Res. 2014; 114: 1867–79. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.302699
- Varga Z., Flammer A.J., Steiger P., Haberecker M., Andermatt R., Zinkernagel A.S. et al. Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19. Lancet. 2020; 395: 1417–8. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30937-5
- De Filippo O., D’Ascenzo F., Angelini F., Bocchino P.P., Conrotto F., Saglietto A. et al. Reduced rate of hospital admissions for ACS during COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Italy. N. Engl. J. Med. 2020; 383: 88–9. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2009166
- Rodriguez-Gonzalez M., Castellano-Martinez A., Cascales-Poyatos H.M., Perez Reviriego A.A. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on interventional cardiology activity in Spain. Rec. Interv. Cardiol. Engl. Ed. 2020; 16: 247–50. DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i21.5250
- De Rosa S., Spaccarotella C., Basso C., Calabrò M.P., Curcio A., Filardi P.P. et al. Reduction of hospitalizations for myocardial infarction in Italy in the COVID-19 era. Eur. Heart J. 2020; 41: 2083–8. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa409
- Chen T., Wu D., Chen H., Yan W., Yang D., Chen G. et al. Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study. BMJ. 2020; 368: 1091. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m1091
- Mehra M.R., Ruschitzka F. COVID-19 illness and heart failure: a missing link? JACC Heart Fail. 2020; 8: 512–4. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2020.03.004
- Deng Y., Liu W., Liu K., Fang Y.Y., Shang J., Zhou L. et al. Clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus cases in tertiary hospitals in Hubei province. Chin. Med. J. 2020; 133: 1025–31. DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000824
- Lakkireddy D.R., Chung M.K., Gopinathannair R., Patton K.K., Gluckman T.J., Turagam M. et al. Guidance for cardiac electrophysiology during the COVID-19 pandemic from the Heart Rhythm Society COVID-19 task force; electrophysiology section of the American College of Cardiology; and the Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020; 141: 823–31. DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.03.028
- Sanders J.M., Monogue M.L., Jodlowski T.Z., Cutrell J.B. Pharmacologic treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review. JAMA. 2020; 323 (18): 1822–36. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.6019
About the authors
- Leo A. Bockeria, Academican of Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, President of Center; ORCID
- Esma R. Dzhobava, Cand. Med. Sci., Cardiologist; ORCID
- Iman M. Patsoeva, Postgraduate, Cardiologist; ORCID