Abstract
Introduction. Decellularization of allografts is firmly included in the arsenal of methods of treatment of allogeneic
tissue due to the fact that encouraging results have been obtained to reduce the immunogenicity and calcification of
implanted products. Usually nonionic or ionic detergents are used for decellularization. There is reason to believe
that the combination of the use of an unusual medium of supercritical CO2 with a very small amount of detergent
(1 vol.%) can give a synergistic effect in terms of decellularization, while maintaining the structure of the tissue.
Objective. Our research is devoted to the attempt to use supercritical technologies for complete leaching of cellular
elements from the wall of the aortic allograft in order to increase its biocompatibility.
Material and methods. Cryopreserved allografts treated EDTA and digitonin used as a control material (this technique
used since 2004 year). Supercritical CO2 was used as additional treatment. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS),
sodium deoxycholate monohydrate (DOA), Tween-80, and 95% ethanol were used as detergents. After processing,
the elastic-strength characteristics of the biological tissue were studied on the breaking machine, and the histological
assessment of the obtained material was made.
Results. Treatment with supercritical CO2 with the addition of ethanol practically did not change the number of dead
cells in the allograft matrix. However, there was almost complete safety of both collagen and elastin fibers. Treatment
with supercritical CO2 and SDS practically does not reduce the concentration of dead cells in the aortic wall and
slightly affects the elastic-strength properties of tissues (elasticity increases). Treatment of supercritical CO2 and DOA
washes more dead cells from the matrix of the aortic wall, but seriously damages the elastin fibers. Treatment of SDS
and supercritical CO2 with Tween-80 leads to a satisfactory result – almost complete elimination of donor cells while
maintaining the matrix.
Conclusion. It is necessary to continue the search for chemicals and modes of treatment of supercritical CO2 to achieve
the desired effect of “cleaning” allograft tissue from donor cells while maintaining the elastic-strength properties.
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About the authors
- Dmitriy V. Britikov, Dr. Med. Sc., Head of Laboratory for Experimental Study of Biological Materials for Cardiovascular Surgery; orcid.org/0000-0002-6942-6611
-
Ivan S. Chashchin, Cand. Phys.-Math. Sc., Researcher;
-
Georgiy A. Khugaev, Junior Researcher; orcid.org/0000-0002-7392-4656
-
Natal'ya P. Bakuleva, Cand. Chem. Sc., Head of Laboratory of Biological Prostheses and Materials; orcid.org/0000-0002-1119-5435
