Аннотация
Развитие методов диагностики, хирургических и анестезиологических пособий привели к значительному снижению числа операционных осложнений и летальности при
операциях на торакоабдоминальном отделе аорты. Однако развитие неврологических
осложнений (параплегии и парапареза) остается серьезной проблемой, решение которой до сих пор не найдено. Несмотря на применение различных методов защиты, риск
ишемии спинного мозга, по данным крупных исследований, остается высоким - 3,8-16%.
Основным недостатком различных мер защиты, без контроля функции спинного мозга, является то, что клинический результат оценивается только после выхода пациента
из наркоза, когда необратимое повреждение уже произошло. Поэтому наряду с методами защиты изучают различные способы оценки функции спинного мозга во время
операции: электрофизиологический нейромониторинг, определение биохимических
маркеров ишемии, прямое измерение давления в сегментарных артериях, церебральная
оксиметрия, другие экспериментальные и клинические методы.
В статье описаны клинические и экспериментальные методы нейромониторинга
и проводится их сравнение.
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