Аннотация
Аблация при неишемической кардиомиопатии является одной из наиболее сложных процедур в электрофизиологии. Все еще существуют огромные пробелы в знаниях о патофизиологии желудочковой тахикардии при неишемической кардиомиопатии, и технологии, доступные для аблации у этих пациентов, далеки от совершенства. Большая доля эпикардиального и интрамурального субстрата создает проблемы для доступа, что, вероятно, объясняет более высокие показатели рецидива аритмии после аблации. Кроме того, принципиальные различия в локализации рубца, протяженности и трансмуральности приводят к переменным электрофизиологическим свойствам и менее очевидным целям аблации во время операции по сравнению с ишемическими кардиомиопатиями. Существующие данные свидетельствуют о более четком разграничении пораженного миокарда за счет внедрения систем трехмерного электроанатомического картирования, которые могут облегчить идентификацию критических зон аритмогенных субстратов. Новые технологии и методы, доступные для аблации желудочковой тахикардии, были значительно усовершенствованы в последние годы, и, как следствие, показатели успеха аблации неишемического субстрата, с учетом особенностей его распределения, также улучшились. В данном обзоре рассмотрены вопросы патофизиологии, лежащие в основе желудочковой тахикардии при неишемической кардиомиопатии, и присущие ей проблемы, связанные с электроанатомической характеристикой субстрата и последующей катетерной аблацией, включая использование новых вспомогательных методов, которые находят все более широкое применение.
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Об авторах
- Сергуладзе Сергей Юрьевич, доктор мед. наук, профессор, заведующий отделением хирургического лечения тахиаритмий, сердечно-сосудистый хирург, ORCID
- Проничева Ирина Владимировна, канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр, кардиолог, ORCID