Аннотация
Миокардиальный «мостик» (ММ) является одной из наиболее распространенных врожденных аномалий, при которой сегмент эпикардиальной коронарной артерии располагается интрамиокардиально и может подвергаться динамической экстравазальной компрессии. У большинства пациентов эта коронарная аномалия имеет бессимптомный характер. Однако, в зависимости от толщины миокарда над коронарным сосудом и длины туннелированного сегмента, вероятен риск развития неблагоприятных коронарных событий: ишемии миокарда, острого коронарного синдрома, аритмии и даже внезапной сердечной смерти. Опубликованы результаты многочисленных исследований, посвященных патофизиологии, диагностике и стратегиям лечения больных с ММ. В данном обзоре освещаются некоторые изменения в диагностике и лечении пациентов с симптомными ММ. Обсуждается роль различных неинвазивных и инвазивных методов диагностики для оценки функциональной значимости ММ. Кроме того, представлена роль медикаментозной терапии, такой как назначение бета-блокаторов и блокаторов кальциевых каналов, эндоваскулярного вмешательства с использованием стентов, а также хирургической коррекции коронарного кровообращения у пациентов с рецидивом стенокардии.
Литература
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Об авторах
- Курбанова Бернара Гафуровна, руководитель отделения лучевой диагностики
- Бокерия Лео Антонович, академик РАН и РАМН, президент; ORCID