Аннотация
В настоящее время эхокардиография является основным диагностическим инструментом в арсенале кардиолога и кардиохирурга для визуализации сердца и оценки динамики его состояния на всех этапах наблюдения пациента. Решения кардиолога в большой степени основываются на изображениях, полученных в результате ультразвукового исследования. Со времени, когда технология ультразвуковой визуализации дала первое представление о сердце человека, диагностические возможности расширялись за счет совершенствования методики получения и обработки первичной информации. Одним из наиболее значительных достижений стало внедрение трехмерного изображения и его развитие от трудоемкой автономной, во многом ручной и операторзависимой, реконструкции к объемной визуализации в реальном времени. Технологические усовершенствования и увеличение вычислительной мощности ультразвуковых аппаратов предполагают интеграцию в рутинную клиническую практику. Главным преимуществом трехмерной визуализации является реалистичный и уникальный всесторонний обзор клапанов, камер сердца и потоков в них. Повышение точности эхокардиографической оценки достигается за счет исключения необходимости геометрического моделирования и ошибок, свойственных двухмерной визуализации. Кроме того, трехмерная визуализация весьма действенна в интраоперационных и послеоперационных условиях, поскольку позволяет мгновенно оценить эффективность хирургических вмешательств. В этой статье рассматривается мировая литература, в которой представлена научная основа для клинического использования трехмерной ультразвуковой визуализации сердца и обсуждается ее применение в количественной и качественной оценке камер и клапанов сердца.
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Об авторах
- Мироненко Марина Юрьевна, канд. мед. наук, заведующая отделением ультразвуковой
диагностики, врач ультразвуковой диагностики, ORCID
- Бокерия Лео Антонович, академик РАН и РАМН, президент, ORCID
